日足P&Fの状況：（12月23日）～（12月27日）

地域から無作為抽出した成人を対象に、加速度計および調査票を用い、身体活動・座位行動を網羅的に評価し、それらの指標を抑鬱症状との関連について包括的に検討した。分析対象者は343名(平均47.9±12.1歳)で全体の32%が大学卒または大学院卒、40%が世帯収入500万円以上、80%が既婚者/フルタイム・パートタイム就業者であった。また、全体の16%が喫煙者、23%が週5日以上飲酒すると回答した。脳梗塞、心臓病、癌の現病歴を持つ者は各0.6%、2.9%、3.2%であった。BMIによる判定では19%が過体重・肥満に該当した。抑鬱傾向を有する者は17.5%であった。対象者の平均加速度計装着日は7.0±1.1日(平日5.1±1.0日、休日2.0±0.5日)であった。平均装着時間は934.1±94.6分であった。客観的評価による中等度の強度以上平均身体活動時間および座位行動時間は各67.3±38.7分/日、360.3±98.2分/日であった。身体活動と抑鬱症状の関連は、中等度の強度以上の身体活動時間高値群は低値群と比べ抑鬱傾向と有意な負の関連が認められた。座位行動と抑鬱症状の関連は、総座位時間と抑鬱傾向に有意な関連は認められなかった。

BackgroundThere are spatial disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality related to area‐level socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantage, but little is known about the spatial distribution of CVD mortality according to built environment factors. We examined joint associations of neighborhood walkability attributes and SES with CVD mortality rates through linkage of Japanese national data sets.Methods and ResultsNational data were used from the 1824 municipalities (of the 1880 potentially eligible municipalities) across Japan. The outcome was mortality from CVD for a 5‐year period (2008–2012) for each municipality. A national index of neighborhood deprivation was used as an indicator of municipality‐level SES. A national walkability index (based on population density, road density, and access to commercial areas) was calculated. Compared with higher SES municipalities, relative rates for CVD mortality were significantly higher in medium SES municipalities (relative rate, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07) and in lower SES municipalities (relative rate, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07–1.12). There were walkability‐related gradients in CVD mortality within the high and medium SES areas, in which lower walkability was associated with higher rates of mortality; however, walkability‐related CVD mortality gradients were not apparent in lower SES municipalities.ConclusionsCVD mortality rates varied not only by area‐level SES but also by walkability. Those living in areas of lower walkability were at higher risk of CVD mortality, even if the areas have a higher SES. Our findings provide a novel element of the evidence base needed to inform better allocation of services and resources for CVD prevention.

目的：身体活動・運動実施による大腸がん予防効果への認知とそれに関連する要因を検討した。方法：インターネットによる横断調査を実施し、登録モニター1,964名（平均年齢44.7歳）を分析対象とした。調査項目は、身体活動・運動実施による大腸がん予防効果の認知、大腸がんに関する知識レベルの高低、身体活動・運動実施とがんに関する情報取得、および身体活動・運動実施状況、社会人口統計学的変数であった。解析は、認知を従属変数、その他すべての変数を独立変数として、ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。結果：分析対象者の47.5％が身体活動・運動実施による大腸がん予防効果を認知していた．60歳代（調整オッズ比、95％信頼区間：0.59，0.45-0.79）、教育歴が大学・大学院の者（1.32，1.05-1.66）、身体活動・運動実施とがんに関する情報取得者（2.07，1.71-2.51）、および身体活動・運動実施状況が推奨群の者（1.43，1.12-1.84）に、認知と有意な関連がみられた。結論：身体活動・運動実施による大腸がん予防効果の認知は約半数であり、十分でないことが示された。今後は全体の認知向上を図ると同時に、年齢層や教育歴に配慮した方策を検討していくことが必要である。

2014年12月5日（金）、国内初「第1回ワーママ・オブ・ザ・イヤー」を開催しました。

2015年12月4日（金）、第2回目となる「ワーママ・オブ・ザ・イヤー2015」を開催しました！

Recently, the carry-over of physical fitness or physical activity from childhood to adulthood has been actively discussed. However, the carry-over effect of participation in organized sports is not well understood, despite the fact that organized sports participation has a number of positive effects on physical, mental, and social aspects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to clarify the association of organized sports participation during school age with organized sports participation and sports volunteer participation in adulthood. The data was secondarily obtained from nationwide questionnaire research for promotion of sports activities according to the life stage conducted by the National Recreation Association of Japan. This research was conducted with 1,200 Japanese adults (612 males and 588 females) who were 20-39 years old. Path Analysis was conducted with respect to each sex. Regarding association of organized sports participation in school-age with organized sports participation in adulthood, participation in elementary school was related to that of junior high school, participation in junior high school was related to that of high school and adulthood, and participation in high school was related to that of adulthood in males. By contrast, in females, participation in elementary school was related to that of junior high and high school, participation in junior high school was related to that of high school and adulthood, and participation in high school was related to that of adulthood. With respect to association of organized sports participation in school-age with sports volunteer participation in adulthood, only organized sports participation in high school was affected in males, and only organized sports participation in junior high school was affected in females. There is a possibility that participation in organized youth sports has a carry-over effect for adult sports involvement. In order to promote organized sports participation and sports volunteer participation in adulthood, enhancing organized sports participation in school-age would be valuables.

Examining the associations of eHealth literacy (eHL) with obtaining health knowledge from websites would help to clarify the causal pathway between eHL and health knowledge. This study aimed to compare the results obtained from Internet users with high or low eHL in accessing a reputable cancer website to obtain colorectal cancer (CRC) knowledge. A total of 105 participants with high eHL and 103 participants with low eHL accessed a reputable CRC website managed by the National Cancer Center and responded to Internet-based surveys before and after accessing a website in 2012. Twelve responses to knowledge statements regarding CRC were selected based on item response theory, and the differences in correct responses of pre- and post-surveys by each eHL group were compared. Two statements showed a significant increase in correct responses in the high eHL group only: "Red meat intake is a risk factor" (p = 0.002), and "Obesity is a risk factor" (p = 0.029), whereas only one response did so in the low eHL group: "Bloody stools are a symptom" (p = 0.004). Low eHL Internet users appeared less capable of obtaining knowledge of CRC by accessing information from a reputable cancer website than high eHL Internet users.

Objective:The present study examined physical activity(PA)levels and differences in PA by gender and grades during school recess periods. Method:PA levels of two hundred and thirty children(55% boys, 42%younger)from two elementary schools in Japan were measured with accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Time spent in sedentary, light PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA during break(25 minutes)and lunch recess(15 minutes), and total recess(40 minutes)was determined. Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine differences in PA variables by gender and grades. Results:Data of one hundred and eighty four children(52% boys, 56% younger)was available. Time spent in sedentary, light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA was 8.5±4.9, 12.9±3.8, 1.6±1.2, and 2.9±2.8 minutes during break, and 3.5±2.5, 9.5±2.2, 1.4±0.9, and 1.6±1.4 minutes during lunch recess, respectively. There were no significant interactions between gender and grades. Significant main effects of PA variables were found for gender and grades. Boys had fewer sedentary time(p=0.017)and higher vigorous PA time(p<0.001)than girls during total recess. Younger engaged in more sedentary(p=0.045)and less light(p=0.023)and moderate PA(p=0.006)than older at break. On the other hand, at lunch recess, younger had significantly longer light(p=0.015)and vigorous PA(p<0.001)and shorter sedentary time(p<0.001)than older. Conclusion:Overall, boys were less sedentary and engaged in PA at higher intensity levels than girls during school recess. Different pattern in PA was shown between break and lunch recess by grades.

本研究では交通エネルギーと都市・土地利用の関連性に着目し、その因果関係を明らかにすることを目的として研究を行った。特に、どのような土地利用パターンの配置が、交通エネルギー負荷を低減に寄与するかについて、東京都市圈及び地方中核都市を対象に実証的に比較分析を行った。○首都圏における土地利用特性と交通エネルギー消費東京都市圏を対象に、大ゾーンレベルで交通エネルギー消費の現状を算出した。その結果、一人当たりのエネルギー消費量は全国の6124kcal/人に対して東京都市圏は5214kcal/人と良好な結果を示した。また、都市構造の変化に伴うエネルギー消費のシミュレーションでは職住近接施策の効果が高いことがわかった。○地方都市における土地利用と交通エネルギー消費宇都宮市を対象に、エネルギー負荷の少ない交通機関として公共交通に着目し、これを促進させる土地利用分布について検討を行った。その結果、都心部の育成、公共交通サービス水準の高い地域の開発が公共交通利用を増大させ、強いては都市全体のエネルギー負荷を低減させることがわかった。同量の都市開発を郊外部と都心部で行った場合、新規需要の公共交通分担率が都心部の方が郊外部より2倍から3倍高いとの試算結果を得た。総じて、交通エネルギー負荷の少ない都市とは、(1)通勤通学等のトリップ長が短い都市(コンパクトシティ)、(2)公共交通が利用できるような中高密居住の都市があげられる。これらの都市の実現には都市成長管理を含めた中長期的な総合施策が必要である。

受賞者8名、協賛企業12社、メディア9社。

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an internationally recognized and widely studied ecosystem, yet little is known about its sea surface temperature (SST) evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (similar to 20 kyr BP). Here, we present the first paleo-application of Isopora coral-derived SST calibrations to a suite of 25 previously published fossil Isopora from the central GBR spanning similar to 25-11 kyr BP. The resultant multicoral Sr/Ca- and delta O-18-derived SST anomaly (SSTA) histories are placed within the context of published relative sea level, reef sequence, and coralgal reef assemblage evolution. Our new calculations indicate SSTs were cooler on average by similar to 5-5.5 degrees C at Noggin Pass (similar to 17 degrees S) and similar to 7-8 degrees C at Hydrographer's Passage (similar to 20 degrees S) (Sr/Ca-derived) during the LGM, in line with previous estimates (Felis et al., 2014, ). We focus on contextualizing the Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC, similar to 12.9-11.7 kyr BP), whose Southern Hemisphere expression, in particular in Australia, is elusive and poorly constrained. Our record does not indicate cooling during the YDC with near-modern temperatures reached during this interval on the GBR, supporting an asymmetric hemispheric presentation of this climate event. Building on a previous study (Felis et al., 2014, ), these fossil Isopora SSTA data from the GBR provide new insights into the deglacial reef response, with near-modern warming during the YDC, since the LGM.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to translate the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale Japanese version (PIPS-J) and inspect its validity and reliability in older patients with chronic low back pain and knee pain. Materials and Methods: The PIPS was translated into Japanese by a bilingual linguistic expert and three researchers and administered to 120 outpatients with low back pain and knee pain (61.7% women, age 73.8±7.8 years). Construct validity and criterion validity were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and the correlations with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II Japanese version (AAQ-II-J) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire Japanese version (CFQ-J), respectively. Internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability (n=43) were also examined. Results: Of all, 78.3% had low back pain, 55.6% had knee pain, and 44.2% both. The confirmatory factor analysis reproduced the original PIPS structure with two factors and indicated good model fit (GFI = 0.915, CFI = 0.970, RMSEA = 0.060). All items' standardized regression weights ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. Criterion validity was shown by correlations of r = 0.58 for PIPS-J pain avoidance with the AAQ-II-J, and r = 0.45 between PIPS-J cognitive fusion and the CFQ-J. Cronbach's alpha for the PIPS-J total score was α=0.85 (pain avoidance: 0.87; cognitive fusion: 0.68). The test-retest correlation for all 12 items was r = 0.54 (pain avoidance: 0.48; cognitive fusion: 0.54). Conclusion: Although a less relevant item was found on each of subscales, the PIPS-J appear to be fairly valid and reliable to evaluate psychological inflexibility in chronic pain among Japanese older adults.

ワーママのロールモデルの不在やネガティブイメージの払しょくという課題の解決に向けて、「パワーママ＝周りにパワーを与えられるワーママ」のロールモデルをシェアすることで、より自分らしく Happy に仕事と育児ができる ワーママを増やし、日本経済に貢献することを目的として活動する任意団体です。2012 年7月に別々の企業で働くワーママ4名で活動を開始しました。ペアレンティングアワード2017 コト部門を受賞。2018年GoodProjecrAward優秀賞受賞。

OBJECTIVES: Reducing sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) have been shown to be associated with decreased depression. However, there are yet few studies examining the potential benefits on older adults' depression, when SB is replaced with PA. This study aimed to examine the associations of objectively assessed SB, light-intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with depression among a sample of Japanese older adults, and to explore impacts of substituting SB with PA on older adults' depression. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 276 older adults aged 65-85 years living in Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three behaviours including the average daily time spent in SB (≤1.5 METs); LPA (>1.5 to <3.0 METs) and MVPA (≥3.0 METs) per day were calculated by accelerometers. Depression was assessed using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). RESULTS: Less SB (β=0.129, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.243) and more LPA (β=-0.138, 95% CI -0.265 to -0.011) were found to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score in the single-activity model. The isotemporal substitution model found that replacing only 30 min per day of SB with the same amount of LPA to be significantly and negatively associated with the GDS-15 score (β=-0.131, 95% CI -0.260 to -0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that substituting even small amounts of SB with LPA may contribute to less depression in older adults. Potential favourable effects can be observed for replacing only 30 min per day of SB with LPA.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined cross-sectional and 2-year prospective associations of perceived and objectively measured environmental attributes with screen time among middle-aged Japanese adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Nerima and Kanuma cities of Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from adults aged 40-69 years living in two cities of Japan in 2011 (baseline: n=1011; 55.3±8.4 years) and again in 2013 (follow-up: n=533; 52.7% of baseline sample). MEASURES: The exposure variables were five geographic information system-based and perceived attributes of neighbourhood environments (residential density, access to shops and public transport, footpaths, street connectivity), respectively. The outcome variables were baseline screen time (television viewing time and leisure-time internet use) and its change over 2 years. Multilevel generalised linear modelling was used. RESULTS: On average, participants' screen time was not statistically different over 2 years (2.3 hours/day at baseline and 2.2 hours/day at follow-up; P=0.24). There were cross-sectional associations of objective (exp(β): 1.11; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.22) and perceived (1.12; 1.02 to 1.23) good access to public transport, perceived good access to shop (1.18; 1.04 to 1.36) and perceived good street connectivity (1.11; 1.01 to 1.23) with higher time spent in screen time at baseline. No objective and perceived environmental attributes were significantly associated with change in screen time. CONCLUSIONS: Activity-supportive neighbourhood environmental attributes appear to be related to higher levels of screen time cross-sectionally. Pattern of screen time might be maintained rather than changed over time under the same neighbourhood environments. Environmental interventions that promote physical activity may need to consider the potential negative health impact of screen time in Japan.